What can I do about my dog’s obesity? Causes and solutions

“Is my dog getting fat… Is this obesity?

Just like in humans, obesity is a major health concern for dogs. Managing your dog’s weight is crucial for their health, but many owners struggle with how to specifically address obesity.

In this article, we will explain the causes and types of obesity in dogs, as well as measures and prevention methods. We also provide a score to help you assess your dog’s level of obesity, so be sure to make use of it

Obesity in dogs primarily comes in two types:

Obesity in dogs is primarily divided into two types: ‘primary obesity’ and ‘secondary obesity.’ Let’s take a closer look at each type.

Primary obesity caused by overeating and similar behaviors

Primary obesity, also known as “simple obesity,” is caused by an excess of energy. It occurs when an excess of energy from overeating and lack of exercise is stored as fat.

Primary obesity arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, making its exact cause intricate.

As obesity worsens, the risk of various diseases increases. Some conditions commonly associated with obesity include:

• Joint diseases such as arthritis
• Respiratory and circulatory disorders
• Hypertension
• Pancreatitis
• Skin infections
• Reduced immunity (increased risk of cancer)

Secondary obesity, which is more likely to occur due to underlying medical conditions

Secondary obesity refers to obesity that occurs as a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Because secondary obesity is related to disorders or metabolic dysfunctions, proper treatment of the underlying condition is crucial.

Common conditions associated with secondary obesity include:

• Hypothyroidism
• Diabetes
• Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s syndrome)
• Insulinoma
• Gonadal dysfunction

Let’s check your dog’s level of obesity

There are two main types of obesity, and “primary obesity” can be prevented with daily adjustments. Therefore, it’s important to first assess your dog’s obesity.

One method for evaluating obesity is the “Body Condition Score (BCS).” Review the overview to help assess the current state of obesity.

What is the Body Condition Score (BCS)?

Dogs vary in body size by breed, making it difficult to define an ideal weight. To assess obesity, the Body Condition Score (BCS) is used.

BCS quantifies the level of fat accumulation, allowing you to evaluate your dog’s obesity based on appearance and touch.

Generally, smaller numbers indicate a leaner body, while larger numbers indicate more fat. Various methods exist for evaluating BCS, but here we introduce a 9-point scoring system.

Scores 1–3: Underweight (Thin)

Scores 1–3 correspond to “thin.”

Score 1:

• Ribs, lumbar spine, pelvis, and all bony protrusions are clearly visible from a distance.
• No detectable body fat.
• Muscularity is clearly reduced.

Score 2:

• Ribs, lumbar spine, and pelvis are easily visible.
• Body fat is not palpable.
• There is only minimal reduction in muscle mass.

Score 3:

• Ribs are easily palpable, and may be visible.
• Body fat is not palpable.
• Pelvis appears bony, and the waist is clearly tapered.

Scores 4–5: Ideal Body Condition

Scores 4–5 correspond to an “ideal body condition.”

Score 4:

• A slight amount of body fat covers the ribs, but the ribs are easily palpable.
• The waist taper is easily visible from above.
• The abdominal indentation is clearly noticeable.

Score 5:

• There is no excess body fat covering the ribs, which are easily palpable.
• The waist taper is visible behind the ribs from above, and the abdomen is tight.

Scores 6–9: Overweight (Fat)

Scores 6–9 correspond to an “overweight body condition.”

Score 6:

• Ribs are covered by a small amount of excess fat but can still be palpated.
• The waist taper is visible from above but not very pronounced.
• The abdominal indentation is clearly noticeable.

Score 7:

• Palpating the ribs is difficult but possible.
• Covered by significant fat.
• Noticeable fat deposits around the lumbar spine and base of the tail.
• The waist taper is almost or completely absent, and abdominal indentation may be present.

Score 8:

• Covered by excessive fat, making the ribs difficult to palpate or requiring considerable pressure to feel.
• Significant fat deposits around the lumbar spine and base of the tail.
• No visible waist taper or abdominal indentation; the abdomen may be significantly distended.

Score 9:

• Large fat deposits in the chest, spine, and base of the tail.
• No visible waist taper or abdominal indentation.
• Abdominal distension is apparent.

Measures and prevention methods for dog obesity

Managing obesity in dogs, like in humans, involves key aspects of diet and exercise. This section will cover strategies for obesity prevention and management from the perspectives of food and exercise.

[Food Measures] Reducing Meal Quantity and High-Calorie Treats

Reviewing the amount of food given is fundamental for managing obesity. Check if the current food quantity is suitable for your dog’s body condition. You can also consult a veterinarian to calculate the appropriate energy needs. If giving high-calorie commercial treats, reducing their quantity can be effective. Gradually adjust the frequency and amount of treats to avoid stress. Using a small amount of regular food as treats can also be beneficial.

[Food Measures] Reassessing the Food Being Given

A nutritionally balanced diet is essential for your dog’s health. Protein provides a greater sense of fullness compared to carbohydrates. By switching to a high-protein food, you can increase satiety and help manage obesity.

[Food Measures] Using a Slow Feeder Bowl

Switching to a slow feeder bowl can help manage your dog’s eating pace and prevent rapid consumption. Instead of abruptly altering your dog’s food amount, gradually introduce the slow feeder bowl to their routine. A slow feeder bowl is designed with obstacles or patterns that make eating more challenging, promoting slower and more mindful eating. This method helps reduce the risk of overeating and associated health issues, while also making mealtime more engaging for your dog.

[Food Measures] Dividing Meals and Increasing Frequency

Suddenly reducing food quantity can lead to feelings of hunger and stress in your dog. To avoid taking away the enjoyment of eating, consider dividing meals into multiple smaller portions. Reducing the amount per meal while increasing the number of meals can help manage weight without causing stress.

[Exercise Measures] Increasing Walk Duration and Frequency

In addition to dietary management, increasing exercise to boost energy expenditure is crucial for weight loss. Try increasing the number of walks and extending the duration on weekends. This will help increase energy expenditure and support weight loss.

[Exercise Measures] Increasing Exercise Intensity

Enhance exercise by incorporating toys during walks or choosing routes with inclines. Playing with balls or toys can also improve your bond with your dog. Opting for routes with hills or stairs will increase energy expenditure. Adjust activities based on your dog’s condition and preferences to effectively use up energy.

Summary：Manage Your Dog’s Weight with Obesity Prevention Measures!

Just like in humans, if your dog eats more or becomes less active, it is more likely to gain weight. Obesity not only decreases quality of life but also increases the risk of various health problems, so caution is needed.

To protect your dog’s health, it is important to consistently manage their diet and ensure they get regular exercis