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“Is my dog getting fat… Is this obesity?

Just like in humans, obesity is a major health concern for dogs. Managing your dog’s weight is crucial for their health, but many owners struggle with how to specifically address obesity.

In this article, we will explain the causes and types of obesity in dogs, as well as measures and prevention methods. We also provide a score to help you assess your dog’s level of obesity, so be sure to make use of it

Obesity in dogs primarily comes in two types:

Obesity in dogs is primarily divided into two types: ‘primary obesity’ and ‘secondary obesity.’ Let’s take a closer look at each type.

Primary obesity caused by overeating and similar behaviors

Primary obesity, also known as “simple obesity,” is caused by an excess of energy. It occurs when an excess of energy from overeating and lack of exercise is stored as fat.

Primary obesity arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, making its exact cause intricate.

As obesity worsens, the risk of various diseases increases. Some conditions commonly associated with obesity include:

• Joint diseases such as arthritis
• Respiratory and circulatory disorders
• Hypertension
• Pancreatitis
• Skin infections
• Reduced immunity (increased risk of cancer)

Secondary obesity, which is more likely to occur due to underlying medical conditions

Secondary obesity refers to obesity that occurs as a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Because secondary obesity is related to disorders or metabolic dysfunctions, proper treatment of the underlying condition is crucial.

Common conditions associated with secondary obesity include:

• Hypothyroidism
• Diabetes
• Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s syndrome)
• Insulinoma
• Gonadal dysfunction

Let’s check your dog’s level of obesity

There are two main types of obesity, and “primary obesity” can be prevented with daily adjustments. Therefore, it’s important to first assess your dog’s obesity.

One method for evaluating obesity is the “Body Condition Score (BCS).” Review the overview to help assess the current state of obesity.

What is the Body Condition Score (BCS)?

Dogs vary in body size by breed, making it difficult to define an ideal weight. To assess obesity, the Body Condition Score (BCS) is used.

BCS quantifies the level of fat accumulation, allowing you to evaluate your dog’s obesity based on appearance and touch.

Generally, smaller numbers indicate a leaner body, while larger numbers indicate more fat. Various methods exist for evaluating BCS, but here we introduce a 9-point scoring system.

Scores 1–3: Underweight (Thin)

Scores 1–3 correspond to “thin.”

Score 1:

• Ribs, lumbar spine, pelvis, and all bony protrusions are clearly visible from a distance.
• No detectable body fat.
• Muscularity is clearly reduced.

Score 2:

• Ribs, lumbar spine, and pelvis are easily visible.
• Body fat is not palpable.
• There is only minimal reduction in muscle mass.

Score 3:

• Ribs are easily palpable, and may be visible.
• Body fat is not palpable.
• Pelvis appears bony, and the waist is clearly tapered.

Scores 4–5: Ideal Body Condition

Scores 4–5 correspond to an “ideal body condition.”

Score 4:

• A slight amount of body fat covers the ribs, but the ribs are easily palpable.
• The waist taper is easily visible from above.
• The abdominal indentation is clearly noticeable.

Score 5:

• There is no excess body fat covering the ribs, which are easily palpable.
• The waist taper is visible behind the ribs from above, and the abdomen is tight.

Scores 6–9: Overweight (Fat)

Scores 6–9 correspond to an “overweight body condition.”

Score 6:

• Ribs are covered by a small amount of excess fat but can still be palpated.
• The waist taper is visible from above but not very pronounced.
• The abdominal indentation is clearly noticeable.

Score 7:

• Palpating the ribs is difficult but possible.
• Covered by significant fat.
• Noticeable fat deposits around the lumbar spine and base of the tail.
• The waist taper is almost or completely absent, and abdominal indentation may be present.

Score 8:

• Covered by excessive fat, making the ribs difficult to palpate or requiring considerable pressure to feel.
• Significant fat deposits around the lumbar spine and base of the tail.
• No visible waist taper or abdominal indentation; the abdomen may be significantly distended.

Score 9:

• Large fat deposits in the chest, spine, and base of the tail.
• No visible waist taper or abdominal indentation.
• Abdominal distension is apparent.

Measures and prevention methods for dog obesity

Managing obesity in dogs, like in humans, involves key aspects of diet and exercise. This section will cover strategies for obesity prevention and management from the perspectives of food and exercise.

[Food Measures] Reducing Meal Quantity and High-Calorie Treats

Reviewing the amount of food given is fundamental for managing obesity. Check if the current food quantity is suitable for your dog’s body condition. You can also consult a veterinarian to calculate the appropriate energy needs. If giving high-calorie commercial treats, reducing their quantity can be effective. Gradually adjust the frequency and amount of treats to avoid stress. Using a small amount of regular food as treats can also be beneficial.

[Food Measures] Reassessing the Food Being Given

A nutritionally balanced diet is essential for your dog’s health. Protein provides a greater sense of fullness compared to carbohydrates. By switching to a high-protein food, you can increase satiety and help manage obesity.

[Food Measures] Using a Slow Feeder Bowl

Switching to a slow feeder bowl can help manage your dog’s eating pace and prevent rapid consumption. Instead of abruptly altering your dog’s food amount, gradually introduce the slow feeder bowl to their routine. A slow feeder bowl is designed with obstacles or patterns that make eating more challenging, promoting slower and more mindful eating. This method helps reduce the risk of overeating and associated health issues, while also making mealtime more engaging for your dog.

[Food Measures] Dividing Meals and Increasing Frequency

Suddenly reducing food quantity can lead to feelings of hunger and stress in your dog. To avoid taking away the enjoyment of eating, consider dividing meals into multiple smaller portions. Reducing the amount per meal while increasing the number of meals can help manage weight without causing stress.

[Exercise Measures] Increasing Walk Duration and Frequency

In addition to dietary management, increasing exercise to boost energy expenditure is crucial for weight loss. Try increasing the number of walks and extending the duration on weekends. This will help increase energy expenditure and support weight loss.

[Exercise Measures] Increasing Exercise Intensity

Enhance exercise by incorporating toys during walks or choosing routes with inclines. Playing with balls or toys can also improve your bond with your dog. Opting for routes with hills or stairs will increase energy expenditure. Adjust activities based on your dog’s condition and preferences to effectively use up energy.

Summary：Manage Your Dog’s Weight with Obesity Prevention Measures!

Just like in humans, if your dog eats more or becomes less active, it is more likely to gain weight. Obesity not only decreases quality of life but also increases the risk of various health problems, so caution is needed.

To protect your dog’s health, it is important to consistently manage their diet and ensure they get regular exercis

Many people may have experienced their beloved dog suddenly vomiting even though it was eating the same food as usual. In fact, because a dog’s stomach and esophagus are aligned differently from humans, they are thought to be more prone to vomiting. However, repeated vomiting can also be a sign of illness. It’s important to understand the causes of vomiting, how to handle it, and when to visit a veterinary clinic, so you’re prepared and not panicked in an emergency.

Table of Contents

Why Did My Dog Vomit? Understanding Causes like Food and Illness!

• Causes Related to Illness or Stress
• Causes Related to Overeating or Foreign Object Ingestion
• Causes Related to Food Allergies or Digestive Problems
• Causes Related to Side Effects from Vaccinations, Spaying, or Antibiotics
• Causes Related to Heat (Estrus) and Potential Uterine Infection; Watch for Hard-to-Detect Pyometra!

Explanation of Vomit Color and Symptoms! Key Points for Post-Vomiting Observation

• Check the Color and Smell of the Vomit
• Carefully Monitor Your Dog’s Condition

When to Visit the Veterinary Clinic

• Repeated Vomiting, Diarrhea, or Vomiting Blood; Bring a Sample of the Vomit When Visiting

What to Feed Your Dog After Vomiting? How to Clean Up Vomit?

• Fast and Withhold Water as a Basic Approach; Watch for Dehydration!
• Use Pet-Safe Deodorizers or Baking Soda for Cleaning Vomit

Causes and Solutions for Vomiting in Senior Dogs

Summary

• Understanding Vomiting in Dogs

Why Did My Dog Vomit? Understanding Causes like Food and Illness!

Some dog owners may have experienced their dog suddenly vomiting while eating, leading to panic. Dog vomiting can sometimes be a temporary issue where the dog seems fine afterward, but it can also be caused by illness. First, let’s explain the possible causes of vomiting in dogs

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Causes Related to Illness or Stress

When vomiting is caused by illness, it is important to be cautious. Diseases that are prone to causing vomiting include viral or bacterial infections, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, gastric torsion, nephritis, hepatitis, uremia, abdominal tumors or malignant lymphoma, kidney failure, and neurological disorders. Many of these conditions can be life-threatening, so it is crucial to closely observe whether any other symptoms are present.

Stress can also disrupt the autonomic nervous system, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and making vomiting more likely. Prolonged stress can cause stomach ulcers, which may result in vomiting blood. Various factors such as lack of exercise, changes in the environment, and insufficient interaction with the owner can cause stress. Ensure you provide plenty of affection and check if your dog is showing signs of stress.

Additionally, motion sickness can cause vomiting. For dogs that are sensitive to travel, you may want to consult a veterinarian for anti-nausea medication and avoid feeding your dog before trips.

Causes Related to Overeating or Foreign Object Ingestion

Dogs may vomit as a natural response to certain conditions. For instance, vomiting can occur due to overeating, drinking too much water, or eating too quickly. This is a protective response by the body. Adjust the amount of food, increase meal frequency, and train your dog not to eat too quickly. Dogs may also vomit after eating grass during walks; this may help alleviate nausea or provide fiber. If it doesn’t happen frequently, it’s usually not a major concern.

Vomiting can also occur due to the ingestion of foreign objects such as toys. If the ingested object obstructs the exit of the stomach or causes an intestinal blockage, the dog may vomit and have diarrhea. Intestinal obstruction can be life-threatening and requires immediate veterinary attention.

Causes Related to Food Allergies or Digestive Problems

Food allergies can cause vomiting. Introducing new foods suddenly can shock the stomach and lead to vomiting. If the size or shape of the food doesn’t match the dog’s size or constitution, it can result in digestive issues and vomiting.

Excessive consumption of certain foods can lead to digestive problems or poisoning. For example, carrots, bananas, pineapples, melons, and dried fish are generally considered safe in moderation as they do not contain toxic substances like chocolate or onions. However, they can occasionally cause allergic reactions and vomiting. These foods are also high in fiber, which can lead to digestive issues and vomiting if consumed in large amounts or if swallowed whole. Ensure such foods are cut into small pieces or cooked to make them easier to digest.

Raw meat can contain bacteria such as Salmonella or E. coli and parasites like Toxoplasma, which can cause food poisoning and result in vomiting and diarrhea. Additionally, if a dog eats spoiled food during walks, it can lead to food poisoning and vomiting.

Side Effects from Vaccinations, Spaying, or Antibiotics

Vomiting after receiving vaccinations or treatments can be a sign of side effects. Additionally, after spaying, antibiotics are often given to prevent infection, and these can also cause vomiting or diarrhea as a side effect.

Health Issues Related to Heat (Estrus); Watch for Hard-to-Detect Pyometra!

During heat (estrus), some dogs may show signs of lethargy, loss of appetite, or vomiting. They may also develop pyometra, a condition that causes vomiting due to bacterial infection. This condition often involves discharge that resembles brownish pus from the vulva, which can be difficult to distinguish from normal estrus bleeding. Pyometra is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, so if you notice symptoms such as vomiting, excessive thirst and urination, or decreased appetite, seek veterinary attention promptly.

Explanation of Vomit Color and Symptoms! Key Points for Post-Vomiting Observation

When your dog vomits, first carefully observe the vomit to determine if it contains undigested food or foreign objects. Additionally, it’s important to monitor what other symptoms your dog is showing.

Check the Color and Smell of the Vomit

■ Transparent with White Foam or Yellow/Green Vomiting clear liquid with foam or an odorless appearance can indicate the regurgitation of stomach acid or saliva. If the vomit is yellow or green, it suggests the presence of bile in the stomach acid, a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux (bile vomiting syndrome). This may be caused by stress or extreme hunger. If your dog seems fine and has no appetite issues after vomiting, you can monitor the situation.

To manage this, reduce the amount of food per meal and increase the number of meals per day. If you currently feed twice a day, add an extra meal before bedtime to make it three times a day, shortening the periods of hunger. If vomiting continues, consult a veterinarian.

■ Mixed with Blood, Pink or Brown If the vomit contains blood, it may be due to tumors or bleeding in the mouth, esophagus, or stomach. Fresh blood appears red, while older blood turns brown. Dark red or blackish-brown vomit could indicate bleeding from the mucosa. Pink vomit generally suggests a smaller amount of blood and may indicate inflammation in the esophagus or elsewhere. However, brown vomit could also be mixed with the color of dog food. If blood is present, it could be a sign of stomach ulcers or tumors, so seek veterinary care as soon as possible.

■ Odor of the Vomit If the vomit smells like feces, it is often due to coprophagia (eating feces). Ensure you promptly clean up feces and take measures to prevent this behavior. If the vomit has a fecal odor but your dog does not eat feces, it could indicate an intestinal blockage or other serious condition, so visit the veterinary clinic immediately.

Carefully Monitor Your Dog’s Condition

■ Repeated Vomiting Frequent vomiting in one day could be due to foreign object ingestion, infections, or gastroenteritis. There is also a risk of dehydration, so take your dog to the vet.

■ Lethargy and Weakness If your dog appears lethargic and weak after vomiting, it’s important to see a vet as soon as possible. If your dog is showing signs of abdominal pain, it could be pancreatitis, which often causes vomiting and diarrhea. Pancreatitis can lead to multi-organ failure or shock and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Immediate veterinary treatment is necessary.

■ Vomiting with Trembling

If your dog is trying to vomit but is trembling and unable to do so, it may be a sign of gastric torsion (bloat). Gastric torsion is a condition commonly affecting deep-chested breeds, especially large dogs like Great Danes and German Shepherds. It can be caused by eating too quickly, consuming a large amount of food, or vigorous exercise shortly after eating. A characteristic sign is white foam or clear mucus in the mouth, and your dog may only be able to vomit water. Gastric torsion leads to fermentation and gas accumulation in the stomach, causing blood flow issues, inflammation, and compression of surrounding organs. This condition often requires surgical intervention to correct, and it can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Seek veterinary care immediately.

■ Vomiting Immediately After Eating

If the vomit consists mostly of undigested food, it may be considered “regurgitation” rather than true vomiting. This occurs when food is expelled before it reaches the stomach and is commonly seen shortly after eating. Frequent regurgitation could indicate esophageal diseases or foreign object ingestion. If accompanied by coughing or sneezing, foreign object ingestion is suspected. If you notice symptoms such as “vomiting after eating,” “vomiting after drinking water,” or “lethargy,” consult a veterinarian.

■ Abnormalities in Stool, Such as Diarrhea or Blood

Soft stools with more water content than usual may be caused by overeating, consuming unfamiliar foods, or temporary stress, which can strain the intestines. Provide water and avoid forcing food to give the intestines a chance to rest. Repeated vomiting accompanied by diarrhea could indicate gastrointestinal inflammation, colitis, pancreatitis, or viral infections. Common viral infections associated with vomiting and diarrhea include canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus enteritis, and leptospirosis. Other infections such as canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis can also cause fever and diarrhea.

Unvaccinated dogs are particularly at risk for canine parvovirus infection, which can cause vomiting and bloody diarrhea, potentially leading to death within 1-2 days if untreated. Seek immediate veterinary attention and appropriate treatment from a veterinarian.

When to See a Veterinarian: Guidelines for Vomiting

It can be challenging to decide whether to take your dog to the vet when they are vomiting. Here are some guidelines to help you determine when a veterinary visit is necessary.

If your dog is vomiting repeatedly, has diarrhea, or if the vomit contains blood and your dog appears lethargic, you should take them to the veterinarian immediately. If your dog is vomiting just from drinking water, it may indicate a serious condition such as gastric torsion or gastrointestinal obstruction, which can be life-threatening. Prompt veterinary attention is crucial.

When visiting the vet, bring the vomit or photos of it to help the vet with the diagnosis. Additionally, note the time of eating and vomiting, the frequency of vomiting, and the smell of the vomit, as these details can aid in identifying the underlying issue.

What to Feed Your Dog After Vomiting? How to Clean Up Vomit

After your dog has vomited, you may wonder if it’s okay to resume their usual food and water routine. Here’s some guidance on how to handle their diet and clean up the vomit.

Fasting and Hydration: Essential Guidelines. Watch for Dehydration!

Immediately after vomiting, it’s important to withhold food and water, as the stomach may not be able to handle them. Monitor for signs of dehydration and avoid giving food or water for about half a day to a full day. If your dog is very thirsty, you can offer a few ice cubes.

Once vomiting has subsided, start by giving small amounts of water. If your dog can keep the water down, gradually increase the amount. When they can tolerate water without issues, you can reintroduce food. Begin with easily digestible food in small amounts and monitor their response. It’s also helpful to soften dry food by adding water. For the first 2-3 days, feed smaller amounts divided into 3-4 meals and slowly return to their normal feeding routine if they are eating well. If vomiting persists despite fasting and withholding water, or if your dog refuses food, veterinary consultation is necessary.

If diarrhea is also present, there is a risk of dehydration, so fluid intake is crucial. However, since certain treatments, such as intravenous fluids, may be required, seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Additionally, if there is blood in the vomit, or if your dog is trembling and lethargic, withholding food and water may prevent worsening of the condition. Consult a veterinarian promptly.

Cleaning Up Vomit: Using Pet-Safe Deodorizers and Baking Soda

To clean up vomit, start by using a flat tool, such as a spatula, to scoop up most of the solid and liquid material. If the surface is non-absorbent, like hardwood or tile, you can cover the area with a pet pad and lift it up to remove the vomit. After removing the vomit, use a damp cloth to wipe up any remaining liquid. Then, apply a neutral or mild alkaline cleaner to the cloth and wipe the area again. Make sure to thoroughly rinse and remove any soap residue.

If you’re concerned about odors, spray a pet-safe deodorizer or cleaning spray on the area. Using products specifically designed for pets ensures safety if your dog licks the area. For carpets or other materials where odors are harder to remove, use baking soda. Mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 500 ml of water to create a baking soda solution. Pour the solution into a spray bottle and apply it liberally to the affected area. Blot up the moisture with paper towels while repeating the spraying. Once the smell is gone, allow the area to dry.

If baking soda solution doesn’t fully eliminate the odor, sprinkle baking soda powder directly onto the area. Cover it with a towel and leave it for half a day to a full day to allow the baking soda to absorb the smell. Afterward, vacuum up the baking soda and let the area dry completely. Sunlight can also help in drying and removing odors.

Causes and Solutions for Vomiting in Senior Dogs

Senior dogs often experience a decrease in their ability to chew, swallow, and digest food, which can lead to vomiting after meals. To make eating easier, consider adjusting the form and softness of their food. Even if a particular food has been fine in the past, age-related changes can lead to vomiting. It’s important to consult with a veterinarian and review your dog’s diet.

For senior dogs that are bedridden, they may vomit because they are unable to swallow properly. During and after meals, keep their head elevated. Also, ensure they are given appropriate fluids to help move food through the stomach. Avoid rolling them immediately after eating, as this can increase the risk of gastric torsion. With weakened abdominal muscles and digestive systems, be cautious about moving them.

Additionally, senior dogs have reduced immunity to diseases. If your dog appears lethargic or shows other unusual symptoms after vomiting, seek veterinary care promptly.

Summary

Vomiting in dogs can range from mild cases that can be monitored over time to severe situations that require immediate intervention to prevent serious harm. By observing the color of the vomit and the symptoms following the vomiting, you can gauge the urgency of the situation to some extent. When visiting the veterinarian, providing an accurate description of the vomiting episode can lead to prompt and effective treatment.

The key is to calmly observe your dog’s condition and address the situation without panic. If you have any concerns, avoid self-diagnosis and seek advice from your trusted veterinary clinic.

Puppies are curious by nature. They learn about their world by sniffing, touching, playing, and sometimes chewing. Chewing on bones or toys is a natural pleasure and a necessary activity for dogs. Puppy chewing is a normal behavior, and it can be redirected into appropriate habits through training before it becomes problematic. Here, we introduce methods for teaching proper chewing habits.

What should you let them chew on?

Choosing the Right Toys: Provide your puppy with toys that offer different textures for chewing. Ideal chew toys should be appealing to the dog, durable enough not to break easily, and made of safe materials in case they are swallowed. Toys that allow your puppy to extract treats or biscuits can also be effective for teaching chewing habits.

Redirecting Attention: If your puppy picks up something that isn’t its own, remove it from its mouth and guide them towards their own toy. Praise them gently when they choose their own toy voluntarily.

Rotate Toys: Both puppies and adult dogs are interested in new toys. Keep them engaged by rotating different types of chew toys to prevent boredom. When a specific toy is not used for a few weeks, it can reignite excitement when reintroduced. Additionally, cleaning toys to remove odors can also make them seem new again.

Teach Fetch and Find Games: Teaching fun games like “fetch” or “find it” can help focus your puppy’s attention on their toys. Have them fetch their favorite ball or hide toys for them to find, and reward and praise them when they perform well. These games are excellent for teaching new behaviors and manners while keeping both you and your puppy entertained.

Teach What Not to Chew: To prevent destructive chewing habits, review your home environment to ensure dangerous items are out of reach. Store items that might attract your puppy, like socks, clothes, children’s toys, slippers, shoes, tissues, and open trash cans, in safe places.

Always Supervise: Until your puppy is accustomed to their environment, closely supervise them to prevent them from chewing on inappropriate items. If you can’t watch them, use a crate or a safe area. Using a leash for close supervision or providing a designated dog room when you’re away can also help ensure their safety.

Training to Teach Proper Chewing Habits

Teach “Leave it” and “Give”:

In addition to setting up your environment with various types of chew toys, teach your dog two important commands: “Leave it” and “Give.” “Leave it” is used when the dog tries to pick up something dangerous or inappropriate to chew, while “Give” is used when you want the dog to drop something they’ve picked up. Using these commands correctly will make learning enjoyable for your dog and help them understand which toys are theirs and which items are not. Many puppy schools and training classes teach how to use these commands effectively.

Don’t Get Angry When Mistakes Happen:

If your dog chews on something they shouldn’t, avoid chasing, scolding harshly, or administering physical punishment. Reacting with anger may cause your dog to learn to chew things secretly or hide from you. Many owners mistakenly believe that these behaviors indicate the dog understands they’ve done something wrong. However, what often happens is the dog learns to avoid chewing in front of you or to hide, as a way to escape punishment. Therefore, to teach proper chewing habits, it’s more effective to observe your dog’s behavior, redirect their attention, and use reward-based training.

Gastric torsion (also known as gastric volvulus) is a dangerous condition where the stomach twists and rapidly deteriorates the overall health of the dog.

It is more common in large dogs but can also occur in small dogs. Risk factors for developing this condition include diet, feeding practices, and lifestyle. Creating a safer environment and taking preventive measures can help reduce the risk

What is gastric torsion in dogs? What kind of disease is it?

“Gastric torsion” refers to a condition where the stomach twists due to expansion caused by some factors. A bloated stomach, like a balloon, can compress surrounding blood vessels, leading to circulation issues and shock symptoms. Immediate emergency treatment is required.

What are the symptoms?

Often, the dog may suddenly appear unwell despite having been fine just moments before.

Early Symptoms:

• Abdominal bloating: Gas accumulates in the twisted stomach, causing the abdomen to appear swollen. However, the swelling might not be visible due to rib compression.
• Pale mucous membranes: Gums and tongue may appear bluish due to cyanosis from circulation issues.
• Panting and labored breathing: Pain, circulation problems, or pressure on the lungs from the bloated stomach can cause rapid and shallow breathing.
• Dry heaving and retching: Repeated attempts to vomit without producing any vomit, known as “dry heaving,” is a significant sign. This is more concerning than regular vomiting and indicates a higher risk of gastric torsion or dilation. (Vomiting with actual content can also occur in these conditions.

All of the above are early symptoms of gastric torsion, and even at this initial stage, they are very dangerous signs. Immediate veterinary attention is necessary

As the condition progresses…

Gastric necrosis or peritonitis may occur. Abnormal circulation can lead to shock, lethargy, breathing difficulties, and even multiple organ failure. If treatment is delayed, it can be fatal.

If gastric torsion occurs, prompt treatment as soon as possible is crucial. The twisted stomach is unlikely to return to normal on its own, so avoid waiting at home.

Gastric torsion often happens due to stress from unusual activities, such as during holidays, and is also more common at night. It may occur when your regular veterinarian is closed.

If you suspect gastric torsion, seek immediate care at the nearest available hospital or emergency clinic without waiting for regular office hours.

Causes:

The underlying causes are not always clear, but known risk factors for gastric torsion include:

Splenectomy: Dogs that have had their spleen removed, often due to tumors, are more prone to gastric torsion. Surgical procedures like gastropexy may be performed to prevent this condition. For dogs with a history of splenectomy, careful management of feeding and post-meal activity is advised.

Overeating: Eating large amounts at once or stealing food can lead to rapid stomach expansion, increasing the risk of gastric dilation and torsion.

High food bowl placement: While elevated bowls may help with conditions like megaesophagus, it’s generally better for bowls to be at a lower height unless medically necessary.

Stress: Events like staying at a pet hotel or traveling can trigger gastric torsion due to stress-induced changes in stomach motility.

Nervous temperament: Dogs deemed “timid” by their owners are reported to be about 2.5 times more likely to experience gastric dilation and torsion.

Age: Middle-aged to older dogs are more commonly affected. Insurance data shows an increase in claims for dogs over six years old.

Dogs that have had a splenectomy: The spleen, located next to the stomach, may be removed due to tumors or other treatments. Dogs that have undergone spleen removal are more prone to gastric torsion. During spleen surgery, a gastropexy may sometimes be performed to prevent torsion. For dogs with a history of splenectomy, it is important to carefully manage feeding and post-meal activity to reduce the risk.

Is it okay if a puppy’s abdomen is bloated?

Puppies often have noticeable abdominal bloating after eating due to their underdeveloped physique and abdominal muscles. This is usually normal, as long as the puppy is energetic, not showing signs of nausea, and the bloating subsides after a few hours.

It is important for puppies to eat well, so ensure they receive adequate amounts of food.

However, if the puppy appears lethargic, shows signs of nausea, or vomits repeatedly, caution is needed. While gastric torsion is rare in puppies, ingestion of foreign objects can cause toxicity or intestinal obstruction, leading to symptoms similar to gastric torsion. In such cases, seek veterinary care immediately.

Diagnosis and Testing

Gastric dilation and torsion are diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, abdominal bloating, and pain detected during physical examination. X-rays and blood tests are also performed to assess the overall condition of the dog.

On X-rays, air appears black, so a gas-filled, bloated stomach will look like a large black balloon. Twisting may be seen as an “8” shape or as a shelf-like appearance.

Blood tests often reveal low potassium levels, which require urgent correction through intravenous fluids.

X-rays, blood tests, and emergency treatment for gastric torsion can usually be handled at many veterinary clinics, not just large specialty hospitals. If abnormalities are suspected, it’s advisable to consult your regular veterinarian or a nearby animal hospital.

What are the treatment options if it occurs?

Hospitalization is typically required, and surgery is often necessary.

• Intravenous fluids and blood pressure maintenance: To stabilize the dog’s condition, intravenous fluids are used, especially if there is shock or low blood pressure. If fluids alone are insufficient to raise blood pressure, medications like inotropes may be added.
• Gastric decompression: The bloated stomach can cause severe pain, circulatory issues, and pressure on other organs. To relieve this, the gas is removed either through an oral tube or by inserting a needle into the abdomen.
• Gastric reduction: Since the recurrence rate with only medical treatment is very high (70-80%), surgery is generally performed for definitive treatment. Surgery reduces the recurrence rate to less than 10%. It involves opening the abdomen to correct the twisted stomach and stitching it to the abdominal wall to keep it in place. If the stomach has become necrotic due to loss of blood flow, partial resection of the stomach or removal of the spleen may be needed.

In cases where the dog’s overall condition is poor and surgery is deemed too risky or not immediately possible, emergency measures such as placing a gastrostomy tube for gas relief may be used to stabilize the dog while monitoring the situation.

What are the prevention methods?

Feeding Guidelines

• Choose food size appropriate to body size: Reports suggest that dogs given very small food pellets (less than 5mm in diameter) are at a higher risk for gastric torsion, possibly due to rapid stomach expansion and increased air swallowing. On the other hand, larger food pellets (30mm or more) are associated with a lower risk of torsion, particularly in large breeds like Great Danes, as they require more chewing and thus encourage slower eating.

If specific therapeutic diets limit your options and you can’t choose pellet size, try dividing meals into smaller portions throughout the day or slow feeder dog bowl.

• Avoid binge eating: Rapid stomach expansion from overeating increases the risk of torsion. Instead of feeding once a day, divide meals into two or more portions.
• Prevent food theft: Stealing and consuming large amounts of food can strain the digestive system. Store food out of the dog’s reach. If a dog consumes a large amount, keep them calm for half a day and monitor for sudden lethargy, abdominal pain, or dry heaving.

Feeding Bowl Adjustments

• Keep the food bowl low: Unless needed for medical reasons like swallowing difficulties, keep the food bowl on the floor.
• Use anti-gulping bowls or enrichment toys: Special bowls with obstacles to prevent fast eating are available. Toys that dispense food slowly as the dog plays can also help. These are beneficial for dogs that tend to eat quickly.

Post-Meal Activity

Post-meal walks: Gentle walking can aid digestion, so a slow walk is not necessarily harmful. However, for energetic or bouncy dogs, it may increase the risk of torsion. Light walking to encourage bowel movements is generally fine, but for more active play or exercise, wait until at least 4 hours after eating. Avoid feeding the dog immediately after vigorous exercise; wait about an hour after the activity to feed.

Rest after eating: Food moves from the stomach to the intestines about 3-4 hours after eating. To avoid stress on the stomach, limit exercise for 1-2 hours after eating. Wait at least 4 hours before engaging in vigorous activities.

Monitor Stress from Environmental Changes

• Travel and pet hotels: Gastric torsion can occur due to stress from staying at pet hotels, family trips, or long drives. Before traveling, find and note the nearest veterinary clinic in case of an emergency. In resort areas with fewer veterinary options, consider choosing destinations carefully if you think the risk is high.

When in unfamiliar environments, try to divide meals into smaller portions and allow more frequent breaks to help prevent health issues.

• Minimize stress: Mental stress can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, disrupting digestion and stomach function. Nervous or anxious dogs are more prone to gastric torsion and dilation, so ensuring they remain relaxed and comfortable can help reduce the risk.

Summary

Gastric torsion often requires urgent treatment or surgery if it occurs. You can reduce the risk through proper feeding and lifestyle habits, so it’s important to be cautious and proactive in your daily care.

When you have a dog, there may be moments when you notice that your beloved pet is drooling more than usual. Just like us humans, who might drool at the sight of delicious food, dogs can also drool excessively for various reasons. In fact, if your dog is drooling more than usual, it might indicate a potential health issue.

In this article, we will explain the reasons why dogs drool and the signs of drooling that require attention. If you’ve recently noticed that your dog’s drooling has increased, please use this information as a reference.

• 6 Reasons Why Dogs Drool

1. Hunger
   Because they are hungry
2. Relaxation
   Because they are relaxed
3. Taste or Irritation
   Because they feel bitterness or irritation
4. Heat
   Because the weather is hot
5. Stress
   Because they are stressed
6. Illness or Discomfort
   Because they are sick or unwell

• 8 Possible Diseases Associated with Excessive Drooling

1. Periodontal Disease / Gingivitis
2. Heatstroke
3. Stomatitis
4. Gastritis / Foreign Body Ingestion
5. Oral Tumors
6. Epilepsy
7. Pharyngitis
8. Poisoning

• 3 Ways to Identify Potential Illness from Drooling

1. Persistent Drooling
   The drooling does not stop
2. Foamy Drool
   The drool contains bubbles
3. Unpleasant Odor
   The drool has a bad smell

• Recommended Foods and Supplements for Hormonal Balance

• Summary

6 Reasons Why Dogs Drool

The main reasons why dogs drool are as follows:

1. Hunger
2. Relaxation
3. Taste or Irritation
4. Heat
5. Stress
6. Illness or Discomfort

Let’s look at each reason in detail.

Reason 1: Hunger

When a dog is hungry and sitting in front of a meal or waiting for food, drooling may increase. This is a natural response to help with digestion preparation and is generally not a cause for concern.

Reason 2: Relaxation

When a dog is sleeping or relaxing with its owner, the parasympathetic nervous system becomes more dominant, leading to an increase in thin saliva to keep the mouth moist. This can result in the dog drooling more.

Reason 3: Taste or Irritation

After a dog licks or ingests irritants like detergents or bitter medicines, drooling may increase. This is because the mouth produces more saliva in response to the unpleasant taste or irritation. Generally, providing ample water and food can help the dog calm down. However, if the dog has ingested something harmful, it’s important to consult a veterinarian promptly for professional advice.

Reason 4: Heat

Unlike humans, dogs cannot sweat to regulate their body temperature. When it gets hot, they cool down by opening their mouths, sticking out their tongues, and panting. As they pant, the saliva in their mouths evaporates along with their breath, helping to lower their body temperature. However, since their mouths are open, this can also result in increased drooling.

Reason 5: Stress

In unfamiliar settings like a veterinary clinic or a new park, dogs may drool more due to stress and anxiety, often accompanied by signs such as trembling or rapid breathing. Storms or thunder can also cause increased drooling.

To ease your dog’s anxiety, try to remove the stressor if possible. If that’s not feasible, using favorite treats, toys, or a lick mat can help them relax and feel more at ease.

Reason 6: Illness or Discomfort

Increased drooling can be a sign of various health issues in dogs. Pay particular attention if your dog shows symptoms such as:

• Stomatitis
• Periodontal disease
• Laryngitis
• Gastritis
• Bloat
• Heatstroke
• Epilepsy
• Ingested foreign objects

If your dog also exhibits symptoms like bad breath, loss of appetite, fever, seizures, or nausea, it’s important to visit a veterinarian promptly.

8 Diseases Associated with Excessive Drooling in Dogs

The 8 diseases associated with excessive drooling in dogs are as follows:

1. Periodontal Disease / Gingivitis
2. Heatstroke
3. Stomatitis
4. Gastritis / Foreign Body Ingestion
5. Oral Tumors
6. Epilepsy
7. Pharyngitis

Let’s look at each disease in detail.

1. Periodontal Disease / Gingivitis

In cases of periodontal disease or gingivitis, increased drooling can be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Swollen, red gums with bleeding or pus
• Presence of tartar
• Strong bad breath
• Difficulty eating or decreased appetite
• Scratching or rubbing the mouth excessively
• Making smacking noises

Additionally, the mouth may appear different than usual, and the dog might experience nausea.

2. Heatstroke

Excessive drooling in dogs can be a sign of heatstroke. When temperatures and humidity rise suddenly, a dog’s body temperature can increase rapidly, leading to heatstroke as their body struggles to regulate temperature.

In addition to excessive drooling, symptoms of heatstroke include rapid breathing, redness of the tongue and mouth, vomiting, and diarrhea. If you suspect heatstroke, it’s crucial to seek veterinary care immediately. Delayed treatment can worsen the condition and, in severe cases, can be life-threatening.

3. Stomatitis

Stomatitis is a general term for inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, including gingivitis. It can have various causes and may present with symptoms other than drooling, such as loss of appetite, bad breath, and severe pain. Affected dogs may dislike having their mouth touched, or they may stop yawning midway.

The drool may also appear thicker than usual or contain blood.

4. Gastritis / Foreign Body Ingestion

If vomiting accompanies excessive drooling, it could indicate gastritis or the ingestion of a foreign object. In cases where the ingested object is toxic or sharp, prompt veterinary attention is necessary. Immediate treatment is essential for your dog’s safety, so consult a veterinarian as soon as possible.

5. Oral Tumors

Oral tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors may cause pain and difficulty keeping the mouth closed, leading to increased drooling. Other symptoms include a sudden decrease in food intake, bleeding from the gums or mouth, and worsening bad breath.

6. Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that often presents as seizures. Increased drooling can be a prelude to a seizure. Other signs may include excessive licking of the tongue, unstable behavior, and restlessness. If a seizure occurs, record the symptoms and consult a veterinarian once the dog stabilizes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing the condition.

7. Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis involves inflammation of the area at the back of the throat, near the esophagus or trachea. Causes may include infections (viruses or bacteria), inhalation of toxic substances like cigarette smoke or car exhaust, injury from foreign objects, or tumors. Symptoms include excessive drooling, swelling of the throat and lymph nodes, coughing, and breathing difficulties.

8. Poisoning

Poisoning can lead to excessive drooling in dogs. For instance, ingestion of chocolate or onions can cause drooling and seizures as symptoms of poisoning. Many foods are dangerous for dogs, and the caffeine in chocolate can cause overstimulation, leading to drooling and seizures.

3 Ways to Identify Potentially Illness-Related Drooling

1. Drool That Won’t Stop

If your dog’s drooling is not just excessive but also dripping continuously, it may indicate a health issue. Potential causes include:

• Heatstroke
• Gastric dilation-volvulus (bloat)
• Motion sickness

Persistent drooling can also occur due to extreme stress or fear. If there are other symptoms or if the cause is unclear, consult a veterinarian.

2. Foamy Drool

Drool that contains bubbles might suggest:

• Accidental ingestion of pesticides or chemicals
• Neurological issues
• Respiratory or cardiovascular diseases
• Gastric dilation-volvulus (bloat)
• Motion sickness
• Pancreatitis

If the cause is unknown, it could indicate a serious condition. Seek veterinary care promptly.

3. Foul-Smelling Drool

Foul-smelling drool may point to specific health problems:

• Acetone-like odor: Might suggest diabetes, which can cause bad breath due to dehydration.
• Ammonia-like odor: Could indicate kidney failure or uremia, where toxins build up in the body.
• Sour odor: May be a sign of gastritis or excessive stomach acid. Accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, it could point to gastrointestinal issues.

If drool is discolored, thick, or contains blood, it may be a sign of illness. Early veterinary consultation is advised.

Conclusion

In this discussion, we explained the reasons why dogs drool, potential diseases associated with drooling, and how to distinguish between them. Generally, drooling in dogs is often not a cause for concern, but it can sometimes indicate a health issue.

If you notice that your dog’s drooling might be related to a potential illness, it is important to have them examined by a veterinarian promptly.

How many times a day should you feed your dog? Many dog owners are concerned about the appropriate feeding frequency.

Therefore, in this article, we will explain the recommended feeding frequency based on the age and health status of dogs, including puppies, adult dogs, and senior dogs

1. Feeding Frequency Varies by Age
2. Puppy Feeding FrequencyKey
3. Adult Dog Feeding Frequency
4. Senior Dog Feeding Frequency
5. Things to Check When Deciding or Changing Your Dog’s Meal Frequency
6. Summary

The appropriate feeding frequency varies by age

The appropriate feeding frequency for dogs changes throughout their lives. Puppies, with their underdeveloped digestive systems and small bodies, generally need to be fed three or more small meals a day. Adult dogs, with mature digestive systems and higher activity levels, typically require feeding twice a day. Senior dogs, whose activity levels decrease and digestive functions decline, may need to have their meals reduced to once a day. Owners should adjust the feeding frequency according to their dog’s age and condition.

Puppy Feeding Frequency

The age at which a dog reaches adulthood varies by breed. Generally, small breeds reach adulthood between 6 to 8 months, medium breeds between 9 to 10 months, and large breeds between 12 to 18 months. During the puppy stage, it is typical to feed dogs 3 to 4 times a day.

Reasons Why Puppies Need More Frequent Meals Than Adult Dogs

Small Body Size and Limited Capacity: Puppies have small bodies and cannot eat large quantities at once.

Underdeveloped Digestive System: Puppies have immature digestive systems and weak digestive abilities, making it harder for them to process and digest food.

Increased Energy Needs During Growth: Growing puppies require more energy than adult dogs to support their development and increase their weight and size.

It is important for pet owners to understand these factors well and to manage their dog’s diet, exercise, and overall care effectively to ensure their pet’s health and well-being

Key Points When Feeding Puppies

Puppies require more energy and calories compared to adult dogs due to their growth and activity levels. The appropriate amount of food changes as they grow, so it’s important to weigh your puppy weekly and adjust the daily food amount accordingly.

Even when increasing the amount of food, puppies have underdeveloped digestive systems. Feeding them too much at once can lead to vomiting or diarrhea. Observe how much your puppy can comfortably eat at each meal and adjust the feeding frequency to ensure they receive appropriate nutrition without digestive issues.

Adult Dog Feeding Frequency

After the first year of life, adult dogs become more mature both physically and mentally, becoming more active and energetic. They also start to make their own decisions and learn various things. Since it takes approximately 12 hours for dogs to digest dry food, it is appropriate to feed them twice a day with a 12-hour interval between meals.

Key Points When Feeding Adult Dogs

After 6 months of age, a dog’s digestive system matures, allowing them to eat larger amounts of food at once. Therefore, to reduce the risk of digestive issues, you should decrease the number of meals per day and increase the amount given per meal compared to when they were a puppy. However, for small breeds that can only eat small amounts at a time, you may need to increase the number of meals per day to alleviate the burden on their digestive system.

In such cases, a slow feeder dog bowl can be a great tool. These bowls are designed to slow down your dog’s eating pace by incorporating obstacles or complex patterns. This can help in several ways:

1. Preventing Overeating: By making your dog eat more slowly, slow feeders can help manage portion sizes and prevent overeating.
2. Reducing Digestive Problems: Slower eating reduces the risk of digestive issues like bloating or gas, which are common when dogs eat too quickly.
3. Improving Nutrient Absorption: Eating more slowly allows better chewing and digestion, which can enhance nutrient absorption.
4. Providing Mental Stimulation: The design of slow feeders also engages your dog’s mind, providing mental enrichment.

Overall, a slow feeder bowl can be especially helpful for dogs that need to eat smaller, more frequent meals, ensuring they eat at a comfortable pace and maintain good digestive health.

As dogs reach adulthood, their energy requirements decrease compared to their puppy stage. Continuing to feed them the same amount of food as during their puppy years can lead to weight gain and obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of food per weight and adjust to the appropriate quantity. Conversely, for highly active dogs, reducing food intake too much can lead to weight loss. It is important to manage food quantity and weight appropriately according to your dog’s condition.

Feeding Frequency for Senior Dogs

Generally, the age at which dogs are considered senior is around 8 years for small and medium-sized breeds. Large breeds are considered senior a bit earlier, around 7 years of age.

As dogs age, their energy requirements decrease due to reduced activity levels and decreased digestive function. Therefore, many owners consider switching to senior dog food. Senior dogs may also eat less, and their appetite can fluctuate based on changes in activity level and health status. It is important to closely observe your dog and adjust their food quantity and content as needed. Since senior dogs have lower activity levels, you may need to reduce their food intake compared to when they were adults.

As long as your dog remains healthy and has a good appetite, feeding them twice a day is generally sufficient. For dogs with digestive issues or decreased stamina, dividing their meals into 3 to 4 smaller servings per day can help reduce the burden on their digestive system.

Key Points When Feeding Senior Dogs

Senior dogs may experience decreased digestive function, which can reduce the amount they can eat at one time and potentially lead to inadequate calorie intake over the day. In such cases, it is beneficial to decrease the amount of food given at each meal and increase the number of meals per day.

Dogs with weakened teeth or dental issues may have reduced appetite. Therefore, pay attention to the hardness of the food, and if necessary, crush or soak it to make it easier for them to eat. Using easily digestible wet food or soup-based food is also recommended.

Additionally, it is important to adjust the content of their diet based on their health condition:

• For Constipation: Increase dietary fiber.
• For Internal Health Issues: Reduce protein intake.

Adjust the quantity and content of your dog’s meals based on their daily condition, appetite, and activity level to ensure they receive appropriate nutrition.

Things to Check When Deciding or Changing Your Dog’s Feeding Frequency

Is Your Dog Experiencing Soft Stools or Constipation?

One indicator of your dog’s health is the condition of their stool. Ideally, stools should be well-formed, not easily broken apart when picked up with paper, and should leave only a slight mark on the pet pad. Soft stools that break apart easily when picked up are considered loose stools, while hard stools that leave no residue on paper or pet pads are considered constipated.

Most dogs will have bowel movements at least once a day if their appetite is normal. If you notice a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements compared to usual, it might indicate constipation. To monitor your dog’s health, make it a habit to check their stool daily for signs of loose stools, hard stools, or constipation.

In the Case of Soft Stools

It seems that the large amount of food may be causing digestive issues. As a solution, try reducing the amount of food given in one meal and observe the results.

If the stool is dry, pebble-like, and hard

It may be that the amount of food is too little. Try gradually increasing the food amount while observing the stool

In the case of constipation

If the diet is the cause, it might be due to insufficient dietary fiber. Additionally, dehydration can also lead to constipation. Consider switching to food that contains an adequate amount of dietary fiber, and if you feel that water intake is low, try soaking dry food to increase moisture.

Are they vomiting stomach acid due to hunger?

If they vomit a whitish, frothy liquid (stomach acid) after some time has passed since eating, it could be due to energy deficiency from hunger. When there is a long period of hunger, stomach acid can be secreted even without food, which may irritate the stomach lining and cause vomiting.

In this case, it would be beneficial to increase the amount of food to shorten the time they are hungry.

If vomiting occurs frequently in the early morning, you might try dividing the evening meal into two parts and shifting the last meal to a later time than usual

Summary

The number of meals a dog needs can vary depending on their life stage, health condition, and individual characteristics. Generally, adult dogs do well with two meals per day. For puppies or senior dogs with weaker digestive systems, more frequent, smaller meals may be beneficial for easier digestion and more efficient nutrient absorption.

When determining your dog’s meal frequency and quantity, factors such as stool condition and the length of time they go hungry should be considered. Regularly monitor their stool and overall condition, and adjust accordingly to achieve optimal results.

Just like humans, dogs have individual differences. It is best to tailor their meal frequency and portion size based on their life stage, health, and overall needs.